Three times did the plague epidemic leave its mark on the world. In these outbreaks, where millions succumbed, physicians donned an unusual beaked costume. What was the reason behind this peculiar attire?
As we now grapple with the pandemic caused by COVID-19, discussions around past disease outbreaks inevitably resurface. Among these, the plague stands out prominently. This disease was responsible for the death of millions during three significant epidemics.
Amidst the plague epidemic, where countless lives were lost, physicians fought valiantly to save individuals. Those tasked with treating patients during these outbreaks wore attire that included a bird-like beaked mask. This clothing, originating in the 17th century, was believed to shield doctors from the elements thought to be responsible for the disease’s spread. Nevertheless, the reality was quite different.
The creation of the costume worn by doctors during the plague is credited to Charles de Lorme. Catering to the medical needs of various European royals, de Lorme designed an outfit intended to protect against the plague, which included a waxed jacket, trousers secured to boots, a snug shirt, and gloves and a hat crafted from goat leather.
The mask component, innovated by Charles de Lorme, had an intriguing design. Physicians utilized a beaked mask measuring 15 cm in length, with nostril holes filled with aromatic substances.
Before and during the 17th-century plague epidemic, the prevailing belief was that the disease spread through imbalances in bodily fluids or via noxious air. Thus, the doctors’ attire was intended to safeguard them from such toxic air.
The mask worn by doctors incorporated a mixture of over 55 ingredients. Charles de Lorme, who conceived the mask, believed that this blend would purify the air inhaled by physicians.
When designing Charles de Lorme’s costume, the misconceptions about the spread of the plague were evident. Later research revealed that the disease was transmitted from animals to humans through flea bites, sneezing, or coughing, typically involving liquid or tissue contact.
Although the fascinating costume created by Charles de Lorme likely offered no real protection to doctors during outbreaks, it would certainly make for an intriguing character in a horror film.
by
Professor P.T. Brown
