Urgent assistance is being sought by an international consortium consisting of over 8,000 scientists to save Earth’s 100 most at-risk animals, plants, and fungi.
Although nature has perpetually functioned under the principle of survival of the fittest, the growing demand for space by humanity is exacerbating pressures on the natural world.
A rising human population, along with factors such as urban expansion, deforestation, pollution, and climate change, has led the report to attribute habitat loss as a significant cause driving many species of flora and fauna toward extinction.
The 100 species identified, hailing from 48 different countries, are the most vulnerable to complete extinction if protective measures are not implemented.
This list includes species ranging from the Jamaican rock iguana—originally thought to be extinct but now surviving in two small populations—to Madagascar’s suicide palm, which exhausts itself after producing small yellow flowers on a stem reaching up to 5 meters (16 feet) long.
While many on the list, such as Ethiopia’s liben lark and Seychelles sheath-tailed bat, may not be as recognized as iconic species like lions or whales, each one contributes uniquely to the planet, and their loss would be irrevocable.
The document titled ‘Priceless or Worthless?’ emphasizes the urgent need for enhanced protections for all the species, or they may face extinction by 2020.
This 124-page document is set to be unveiled at the IUCN World Conservation Congress in South Korea this week, aiming to elevate the conservation of these ‘worthless’ creatures in the global NGO agenda.
According to Professor Jonathan Baillie, conservation director at ZSL, ‘More than half of the 100 most endangered species are receiving little to no attention.’
He added, ‘The conservation movement and donor community are increasingly adopting a ‘what can nature do for us’ mindset, measuring the value of species and habitats based on the benefits they provide to humans.’
This trend has posed significant challenges for conservationists striving to safeguard the most endangered species on the planet.
Baillie questioned, ‘Is there a right for these species to survive, or do we hold the power to drive them to extinction?’
Report co-author Ellen Butcher from ZSL remarked, ‘Each species on the list is unique and irreplaceable.’
‘If they become extinct, no amount of funding can resurrect them. However, immediate action could provide them a fighting chance for survival.’
She stressed, ‘This requires society to endorse the moral and ethical stance that all species possess an inherent right to exist.’
The IUCN stated that the report aims to elevate the conservation of creatures deemed ‘worthless’ within the agenda set by NGOs globally.
‘A multi-billion dollar fund is required to prevent extinction and should be sourced by governments,’ the report stated, without specifying a currency.
It highlighted the necessity of measures such as expanding protected areas or implementing hunting bans.
Baillie expressed concerns that society has increasingly assessed plants and animals based on the economic benefits they offer, including food, medicine, or tourism.
‘It is essential to maintain appreciation for the incredible diversity of life on Earth as the central message, with utilitarian arguments serving as supplementary points,’ he noted.
In 2010, governments committed to a plan aimed at protecting life on Earth, which included the goal: ‘By 2020, the extinction of known threatened species has been prevented and their“`html
The conservation status, especially for the species experiencing the most significant decline, has shown improvement and sustainability.
According to the IUCN, every species holds intrinsic value.
‘While the importance of certain species may not be readily apparent, each one plays a role in maintaining the planet’s healthy ecosystem,’ stated Simon Stuart, Chair of the IUCN Species Survival Commission.
Included in the list of the 100 most endangered species are others like the Cayman Islands ghost orchid and the Javan rhino.
The recovery of the humpback whale, now estimated at 60,000, has been supported by the implementation of a hunting ban.
Thanks to captive breeding efforts, Przewalski’s horse, which once faced near extinction, has increased to over 300 individuals in the wild, spanning from Ukraine to China.
The pygmy three-toed sloth (Bradypus pygmaeus) faces a grim future, as Escudo Island, located 17 km off the coast of Panama, is the sole habitat for these diminutive sloths.
At half the size of their mainland relatives and weighing approximately as much as a newborn, pygmy sloths are recognized as the smallest and slowest sloths globally, remaining classified as Critically Endangered.
Likewise, the saola (Pseudoryx nghetinhensis) ranks as one of the most endangered mammals in Southeast Asia. Dubbed the Asian unicorn due to its scarcity, the population of this antelope has dwindled to possibly only a few tens of individuals.
In the UK, a limited area in Wales is the only known habitat for the vividly colored willow blister (Cryptomyces maximus). Currently, populations of this spore-releasing fungus are declining, and a single disastrous event could lead to their complete extinction.
Professor Baillie remarked: ‘If we consider these species invaluable, it is time for the conservation community, together with governments and industries, to demonstrate to future generations that we truly value all forms of life.’
The report emphasizes that while assigning monetary value to nature is essential for conservationists, the broader significance of species facing extinction must not be overlooked.
Comprehensive list of species:
| Scientific Name | Common Name | Category | Population | Threats to Survival | Action Required | |
| Abies beshanzuensis | Baishan Fir | Conifer | 5 mature individuals | Agricultural expansion and fire | Ex-situ conservation and reintroduction, along with the establishment of a protected area | |
| Actinote zikani | butterfly | Unknown, one population remaining | Habitat degradation driven by human pressures | Protection of habitat and Mikania obsoleta (host plant) | ||
| Aipysurus foliosquama | Leaf scaled sea-snake | sea-snake | Unknown, two subpopulations remain | Unknown – likely degradation of coral reef habitat | Assess the causes behind population decline and develop suitable | management plans |
| Amanipodagrion gilliesi | Amani Flatwing | butterfly | <500 individuals est. | Increasing population pressure and water pollution leading to habitat degradation | Protection of habitat | |
| Antilophia bokermanni | Araripe Manakin | bird | 779 individuals (est 2010) | Destruction of habitat due to agricultural expansion, recreational facilities, and diversion of water | Formal protection of the remaining habitat alongside the conservation of springs and streams | |
| Antisolabis seychellensis | Seychelles earwig | earwig | Unknown (declining) | Threats from invasive species and climate change | Management of habitat to prevent further invasions by introduced plants | |
| Aphanius transgrediens | freshwater fish | Unknown (declining) | Competition and predation from Gambusia, along with road construction | Raise awareness within national conservation groups and governments, monitor and conserve current springs, create an action plan for lost springs, and maintain captive populations | ||
| Aproteles bulmerae | Bulmer’s Fruit Bat | bat | 150 individuals (est) | Hunting activities and cave disturbances | Protection of Luplupwintern cave with strict enforcement against hunting | |
| Ardea insignis | White bellied heron | bird | 70-400 individuals | Habitat degradation stemming from hydropower development | Establish a captive rearing and release program, eliminate harmful uses of riverine habitats, and mitigate adverse effects of hydroelectric projects | |
| Ardeotis nigriceps | Great Indian Bustard | bird | 50 -249 mature individuals | Loss and modification of habitat due to agricultural practices | Create protected areas and community reserves while realigning the Indira Ghandi Nahar Canal Project | |
| Astrochelys yniphora | Ploughshare tortoise / angonoka | tortoise | 440-770 | Illegal collection for the international pet trade | Implementation of legal protection and management of protected areas | |
| Atelopus balios | Rio pescado stubfoot toad | toad | Unknown (declining) | Chytridiomycosis and habitat loss due to logging and agricultural expansion | Conservation of the last remaining habitats | |
| Aythya innotata | Madagascar Pochard | bird | approximately 20 mature individuals | Habitat degradation caused by slash-and-burn agriculture, hunting, fishing, and invasive fish species | Official protection of current breeding sites, habitat restoration, and creation of a release program for captive-bred individuals | |
| Azurina eupalama | Galapagos damsel fish | pelagic fish | Unknown (declining) | The presumed disappearance of this species from the Galapagos is thought to be linked to oceanographic changes related to the 1982 / 1983 El Nino, attributed to climate change. | Conducting surveys to determine the species’ existence in Los Lobos Islands. | |
| Bahaba taipingensis | Giant yellow croaker | pelagic fish | Unknown (declining) | The primary cause is over-fishing driven by the value of the swim-bladder in traditional medicine, with costs surpassing that of gold in 2001. | Creation and enforcement of suitable protective measures in Hong Kong and legal protections in China. | |
| Batagur baska | Common Batagur/ Four-toed terrapin | turtle | Unknown (declining) | The illegal export and trade from Indonesia to China contribute significantly to its decline. | Implementation of CITES Appendix I restrictions and measures to control illegal trade. | |
| Bazzania bhutanica | liverwort | Unknown (declining) | Degradation and destruction of habitat caused by forest clearing, overgrazing, and development activities. | Initiating area protection to avert future damages to the remaining habitat. | ||
| Beatragus hunteri | Hirola | antelope | < 1000 individuals | The species faces habitat degradation, loss due to competition with livestock, and poaching. | Formation of protected areas and community conservancies, along with enhanced management and protection of wild populations. | |
| Bombus franklini | Franklin’s Bumble Bee | bee | Unknown (declining) | Threats arise from diseases spread by commercially bred bumblebees, alongside habitat destruction and degradation. | Safeguarding habitats that provide sources of nectar and pollen. | |
| Brachyteles hypoxanthus | Northern muriqui | primate | < 1,000 individuals | The species suffers due to habitat loss and fragmentation resulting from extensive deforestation and selective logging practices. | Protecting habitats and allocating resources for the execution of the national action plan. | |
| Bradypus pygmaeus | Pygmy sloth | sloth | <500 individuals | Illegal logging of mangrove forests for firewood and construction, as well as hunting, has led to habitat loss. | Enforcement of protection measures in the Isla Escudo de Veraguas nature sanctuary alongside awareness campaigns. | |
| Callitriche pulchra | freshwater plant | Unknown (declining) | Habitat exploitation by livestock and local modifications to the pool affect the species. | Providing alternative water sources for livestock, involving locals in pool protection, and documenting the remaining water bodies on Gavdos. | ||
| Calumma tarzan | Tarzan’s chameleon | chameleon | Unknown | Agricultural practices are resulting in habitat destruction. | Supporting emerging community conservation projects and habitat protection efforts. | |
| Cavia intermedia | Santa Catarina’s guinea pig | guinea pig | “““html | |||
| 40-60 individuals | Effects from habitat disturbance and potential hunting; limited population impact | Enforcement of protected area regulations and controlled access to the island | ||||
| Cercopithecus roloway | Roloway Guenon | primate | Unknown | Bushmeat hunting and habitat loss | Preservation of habitat against logging and agricultural conversion | |
| Coleura seychellensis | Seychelles sheath-tailed bat | bat | <100 mature individuals (estimated 2008) | Predation from invasive species and habitat degradation | Control of invasive plants, management of non-native predators, and legal habitat and roosting site protections | |
| Cryptomyces maximus | fungus | Unknown (declining) | Limited habitat availability | Ongoing protection of existing populations and habitat regeneration initiatives | ||
| Cryptotis nelsoni | Nelson’s small-eared shrew | shrew | Unknown (declining) | Loss of habitat due to logging, cattle grazing, fire, and agriculture | ||
| Cyclura collei | Jamaican iguana | iguana | Unknown (declining) | Habitat destruction and predation by non-native species | Translocation to islands free of predators and enforcement of legislation to protect Ironwood Forests | |
| Dendrophylax fawcettii | Cayman islands ghost orchid | orchid | Unknown (declining) | Destruction of habitat due to infrastructure expansion | Creation of protective legislation for Ironwood Forests | |
| Dicerorhinus sumatrensis | Sumatran rhino | rhino | <250 individuals | Horn hunting for traditional medicine purposes | Bolstering anti-poaching efforts and continuing captive breeding programs | |
| Diomedea amsterdamensis | Amsterdam Island albatross | bird | 100 mature individuals | Diseases and accidental capture in long-line fishing | Measures to prevent disease spread and promote best-practice in fisheries throughout the species’ range | |
| Diospyros katendei | tree | 20 individuals, one population | Agricultural pressures from communities, illegal logging, habitat degradation from gold mining, and small population size | Legal protection enforcement, field surveys for further identification, and ex situ conservation in botanical institutions | ||
| Dipterocarpus lamellatus | dipterocarp (tree) | 12 individuals | Habitat degradation and loss due to logging and industrial plantation establishment | Restoration of Sianggau Forest | Reserve and re-introduction of species to previous range | |
| Discoglossus nigriventer | Hula painted frog | frog | Unknown (recent rediscovery in 2011) | Predation by birds and restriction of range caused by habitat destruction | Restoration of habitat | |
| Discorea strydomiana | Wild Yam | yam | 200 individuals | Collection for medicinal purposes | Develop a strategy for sustainable use and establish ex situ populations | |
| Dombeya mauritiana | flowering plant | Unknown (declining) | Degradation and destruction of habitat due to encroachment by invasive alien plant species and cannabis cultivation | Control of invasive plant species, protection of habitat, and reintroduction of propagated individuals | ||
| Elaeocarpus bojeri | flowering plant | <10 individuals | Small population and habitat degradation | Currently, trees are being closely monitored for determining threats and addressing them | ||
| Eleutherodactylus glandulifer | La Hotte Glanded Frog | frog | Unknown (declining) | Destruction of habitat due to charcoal production and slash-and-burn agriculture | Protection of habitat | |
| Eleutherodactylus thorectes | Macaya Breast-spot frog | frog | Unknown | Destruction of habitat due to charcoal production and slash-and-burn agriculture | Habitat protection | |
| Eriosyce chilensis | Chilenito | cactus | <500 individuals | Collection of flowering individuals | Protection of plants through the construction of a fence and signage indicating their threatened status | |
| Erythrina schliebenii | coral tree | flowering tree | <50 individuals | Limited habitat and small population size heightening vulnerability to stochastic events | Complete establishment of Forest Reserves and ongoing propagation efforts, including ex situ conservation | |
| Euphorbia tanaensis | semi-deciduous tree | 4 mature individuals | Illegal logging and degradation of habitat due to agricultural expansion and infrastructure development | Enforcement of legal protection within the Witu Forest Reserve, which has diminished due to civil insecurity | ||
| Eurynorhynchus pygmeus | Spoon-billed sandpiper | bird | <100 breeding pairs | Trapping during wintering and land reclamation. | Maintenance of critical intertidal staging posts and reduction of trapping on wintering grounds. | |
| Ficus katendei | tree (ficus) | <50 mature individuals | Habitat degradation due to agricultural activities, illegal tree felling, and alluvial gold digging | Protection measures against encroachment and habitat degradation, alongside community development initiatives in regions bordering the reserve; ex-situ conservation efforts in arboreta and botanic gardens | ||
| Geronticus eremita | Northern Bald Ibis | bird | 200-249 mature individuals | Hunting, as well as habitat destruction and degradation | Safeguarding critical breeding and roosting locations | |
| Gigasiphon macrosiphon | flowering tree | 33 mature individuals | Habitat degradation and timber extraction tied to agricultural encroachment and development, along with seed predation by wild pigs | Implementation of protection in reserves, along with the creation of a management plan to address water loss due to hydroelectricity projects | ||
| Gocea ohridana | mollusc | Unknown (declining) | Habitat degradation resulting from rising pollution levels, sedimentation events, and water extraction | Adoption of transboundary agreements to enhance habitat management | ||
| Heleophryne rosei | Table Mountain ghost frog | frog | Unknown (declining) | Invasive plants and water abstraction leading to habitat degradation | Continued habitat protection, the execution of management plans, and the integration of activities across various sites | |
| Hemicycla paeteliana | mollusc | Unknown (declining) | Destruction of habitat caused by overgrazing and tourist trampling | Habitat conservation, control on goat populations, and restrictions on tourist access to the area | ||
| Heteromirafra sidamoensis | Liben Lark | bird | 90-256 individuals | Declines in habitat due to agricultural expansion, excessive grazing, and fire suppression | Grassland restoration initiatives, which encompass sustainable land management practices, scrub removal, and the reinstatement of fire regimes | |
| Hibiscadelphus woodii | hibiscus | Unknown | Habitat degradation linked to invasive plant species and free-ranging ungulates | Conduct surveys on the steep terrain for more individuals. Control invasive species in the remaining suitable environment to facilitate species reintroduction if additional individuals are discovered | ||
| Hucho perryi (Parahucho perryi) | Sakhalin taimen | salmonid | Unknown (declining) | Overfishing (both sport and commercial bycatch) and habitat degradation due to damming, agricultural practices, and other land uses. | Increase conservation measures in Russian and Japanese rivers and enforce fishing regulations | |
| Johora singaporensis | Singapore Freshwater Crab | crab | Unknown | Degradation of habitat characterized by a decline in water quality and availability | Conserve the remaining habitat and initiate the establishment of ex-situ populations | |
| Lathyrus belinensis | sweet-pea | The destruction of habitats is caused by urbanization, over-grazing, conifer planting, and road widening | To protect habitats, manage grazing, cease conifer planting, and engage in occasional sampling for ex situ seed conservation | |||
| Leiopelma archeyi | Archey’s frog | frog | declining, though the exact number remains unknown | Threatened by Chytridiomycosis and predation from invasive species | Sustaining existing conservation initiatives | |
| Lithobates sevosus | Dusky gopher frog | frog | An estimated 60-100 individuals (as of 2003) | Fungal disease and limitation of habitats caused by climate change and altered land use | Ensuring habitat protection and managing the population to hinder disease spread | |
| Lophura edwardsi | Edward’s pheasant | bird | Population status remains unknown | Threats include hunting and habitat loss | Intense law enforcement, habitat rehabilitation, and developing a captive breeding program | |
| Magnolia wolfii | magnolia | Status is uncertain but declining | Challenges include species isolation and poor regeneration rates | Conservation of the remaining population and investigation into potential ex-situ conservation methods | ||
| Margaritifera marocana | mussel | <250 individuals (2010 est) | Habitat degradation and disruption arising from pollution and development projects | Mitigate the impact of hydroelectricity construction and agricultural withdrawal through habitat protection | ||
| Moominia willii | mollusc | < 500 individuals | Threatened by invasive species and climate change | Safeguarding habitats and managing invasive species | ||
| Natalus primus | Cuban greater funnel-eared bat | bat | <100 individuals (estimate from 2005) | Suffer from habitat loss and human interference | Safeguarding Cueva La Barca and its vicinity | |
| Nepenthes attenboroughii | Attenborough’s Pitcher Plant | carnivorous plant | Status unknown | Endangered due to poaching | Creation of protected areas and enforcement of existing legal protections | |
| Neurergus kaiseri | Luristan newt | newt | <1000 mature individuals | Threatened by illegal collection for the pet trade | Implementation of protective measures | |
| Nomascus hainanus | Hainan Gibbon | primate | < 20 individuals | Endangered due to hunting | Confiscation of guns in the Bawangling population area and habitat preservation | |
| Oreocnemis phoenix | Mulanje Red Damsel | butterfly | Status is uncertain but declining | Habitat destruction and degradation attributed to drainage, agricultural expansion, and forest exploitation | Strict enforcement of habitat protection | |
| Pangasius sanitwongsei | Pangasid catfish | freshwater fish | Unknown (declining) | Overfishing and collection for aquarium trade | Protection from overfishing and collection | |
| Parides burchellanus | butterfly | < 100 individuals | Given the pressure from human populations, habitat degradation and range restriction occurs | Protection of galley forest habitat | ||
| Phocoena sinus | Vaquita | porpoise | <200 individuals and declining | Incidental capture in gillnets | Ban on the use of gillnets across the species’ range | |
| Picea neoveitchii | conifer | Unknown (declining) | Forest destruction | Ex-situ conservation and re-introduction; establishment of protected areas | ||
| Pinus squamata | Qiaojia Pine | Conifer | < 25 mature individuals | Small population size and limited distribution | Ex-situ conservation and re-introduction; establishment of protected areas | |
| Poecilotheria metallica | Peacock Parachute Spider | spider | Deforestation, firewood collection, and civil unrest lead to habitat loss and degradation | Ensure habitat protection, raise community awareness, and include in national Wildlife Protection Act and trade legislation | ||
| Pomarea whitneyi | Fatuhiva monarch | butterfly | 50 individuals | Predation by introduced species, specifically Rattus rattus and feral cats | Increase management of introduced species and explore translocation options, either to another island or by creating a larger controlled area on Fatu Hiva | |
| Pristis pristis | Common Sawfish | sawfish | Unknown (declining) | Exploitation has eliminated the species from 95% of its historical range | Further research needed to determine current distribution, threats, and management strategies | |
| Prolemur simus | Greater bamboo lemur | primate | 100-160 individuals | Destruction of habitat due to activities like slash-and-burn agriculture, mining, and illegal logging | Protect habitat and promote reforestation in the Ivato and Karlanaga areas | |
| Propithecus candidus | Silky Sifaka | primate | 100 -1,000 individuals | Hunting and disruption of habitat | Continue and expand measures to stop hunting and establish protected areas | |
| Psammobates geometricus | Geometric tortoise | tortoise | Unknown | Destruction and deterioration of habitat, alongside predation | Create additional reserves and manage fire regimes | |
| Pseudoryx nghetinhensis | Saola | saola (bovid affinities) | “““html | Unknown | Habitat destruction and hunting | Enhance habitat protection and enforcement efforts |
| Psiadia cataractae | flowering plant | Unknown | Destruction and degradation of habitat due to invasive species and development projects | Implement effective area protection and persistent control of invasive alien plant species, particularly grasses, alongside replanting with nursery-grown plants | ||
| Psorodonotus ebneri | Beydaglari Bush-cricket | cricket | Unknown | Loss of habitat and climate change | Create a bioacoustic monitoring scheme, establish a conservation action plan, form a nature reserve, manage habitat effectively, and conduct research on population size, distribution, and ecology | |
| Rafetus swinhoei | Red River giant softshell turtle | turtle | 4 known individuals | Hunting for consumption and habitat degradation due to pollution and wetland destruction | Implement education and awareness programs, in addition to captive breeding initiatives | |
| Rhinoceros sondaicus | Javan rhino | rhino | < 100 individuals | Hunting for traditional medicine and limited population size | Enforce protection laws and consider establishing a captive breeding program | |
| Rhinopithecus avunculus | Tonkin snub-nosed monkey | primate | < 200 individuals | Hunting and habitat loss, known only from a few small habitat records (less than 10 km²) | Establish a conservation area in Khau Ca, Ha Giang province, and enhance law enforcement to diminish hunting pressure | |
| Rhizanthella gardneri | West Australian underground Orchid | orchid | < 100 individuals | Agricultural land clearance (96% habitat lost), climate change, and salinization | Protect the two supporting organisms in situ and safeguard seed stocks along with the fungal partner in the seed bank | |
| Rhynchocyon spp. | Boni Giant Sengi | sengi | Unknown (declining) | Severely restricted distribution and habitat, security challenges, and increased human population due to oil development | Formal protection of the Boni-Dodori forest and finalization of formal identification | |
| Risiocnemis seidenschwarzi | Cebu frill-wing | damsel-fly | Unknown (declining) | Destruction and degradation of habitat | Designate the area as ‘Critical Habitat’ to limit human access | |
| Rosa arabica | flowering tree | Unknown (declining) | Overgrazing by domestic animals, climate change and drought, medicinal plant collection, and limited range | Safeguard individuals from exploitation | ||
| Salanoia durrelli | Durrell’s Vontsira | small carnivore (vontsira) | Declining (unknown) | Loss of habitat | Enhanced management for Lake Alaotra protected region | |
| Santamartamys rufodorsalis | Red-crested tree rat | rat | Unknown | Urban development and coffee farming causing habitat loss | Mapping species range surveys and continued protection at known sites | |
| Scaturiginichthys vermeilipinnis | Red-finned blue eye | freshwater fish | 2,000 – 4,000 individuals | Introduced species predation | Control of the invasive Gambusia holbrooki and reintroduction of S.vermeilipinnis | |
| Squatina squatina | Angel shark | shark | Declining (unknown) | Benthic trawling impacts | Protect habitats of the Canary Islands and nearby continental shelf from trawling | |
| Sterna bernsteini | Chinese crested tern | bird | < 50 mature individuals | Destruction of habitat and egg collection | Protecting breeding sites, increasing legal protections, and raising awareness at colonies | |
| Syngnathus watermeyeri | Estuarine Pipefish (River Pipefish) | pipefish | Declining (unknown) | Dams altering river flows and flood events into estuaries | Creation of a freshwater reserve, pollution management, and water use regulation | |
| Tahina spectabilis | Suicide Palm | palm | 90 individuals | Agricultural developments, logging, and fire-related habitat loss | Setting up a protected area and a management plan | |
| Telmatobufo bullocki | Bullock’s false toad | toad | unknown | Habitat destruction from energy projects | Cessation of hydroelectric development and habitat protection | |
| Tokudaia muenninki | Okinawa Spiny Rat | rat | Declining (unknown) | Loss of habitat and predation by feral cats | Conduct range mapping surveys, protect remaining habitats, and implement feral cat control | |
| Trigonostigma somphongsi | Somphongs’s rasbora | freshwater fish | Declining (unknown) | Habitat damage from farmland conversion and urbanization | Restoration of wetlands | |
| Valencia letourneuxi | freshwater fish | Declining (unknown) | Destruction of habitat, water abstraction, and aggressive interactions with Gambusia | Habitat protection and control measures for Gambusia | ||
| Voanioala gerardii | Forest Coconut | palm | < 10 individuals | Deforestation and harvesting of palm hearts | Protection of remaining individuals and habitats along with public awareness initiatives | |
| Zaglossus attenboroughi | Attenborough’s Echidna | echidna | unknown | Logging, agricultural encroachment, shifting cultivation, and local hunting causing habitat degradation | Increase awareness of the species’ cultural significance, establish sustainable management practices, and carry out further surveys |
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